Definition for the Term Strongly Typed

Definition: Java is a strongly typed programming language because every variable must be declared with a data type. A variable cannot start off life without knowing the range of values it can hold, and once it is declared, the data type of the variable cannot change. Examples: The following declaration is allowed because the variable has hasDataType is declared to be a boolean data type: boolean hasDataType; For the rest of its life, hasDataType can only ever have a value of true or false.

The Economic Costs Of Adhd - 1472 Words

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this paper is to examine and summarize available literature on the economic costs of ADHD, as well as possible economic benefits of treating this condition. INTRODUCTION ADHD is a very common neurodevelopment disorder of childhood. It is usually first diagnosed in childhood around the age of seven with symptoms typical during ages 3-6 and often lasts into adulthood. Children with ADHD may have trouble paying attention, staying organized and controlling impulsive behaviors. It is very difficult to diagnose and when undiagnosed the children can grow to be mislabeled as trouble makers in their adulthood. PREVELANCE OF ADHD IN THE UNITED STATES Children Adolescents Analysis of parent-reported data from the†¦show more content†¦2015). The US Census Bureau estimates 1,795,734,009 people were aged 5-19 worldwide in 2013. Thus, 7.2% of this total population is 129 million—a rough estimate of the number of children worldwide who have ADHD. Based on DSM-IV screening of 11,422 adults for ADHD in 10 countries in the Americas, Europe and the Middle East, the estimates of worldwide adult ADHD prevalence averaged 3.4% (Fayyad et al. 2007) Costs Of ADHD It is estimated that the cost of Illness (COI) of ADHD in the United States for children and adults is between $143 billion to $266 billion (adjusted to 2010 U.S. dollars) every year for the nation (Doshi 2012). Direct Costs in Children: Of the total annual cost of ADHD, 26%–27% were incurred by children that account to $38 billion–$72 billion (Pastor 2015). It was also noticed that Children with ADHD incurred significantly greater per capita total costs ($1465 vs $690) than children without ADHD. Children with co-existing co-morbid conditions lead to use of more health resources and incur high health care expenditure than children without ADHD or other significant conditions such as Asthma or other pediatric conditions. Children with ADHD had 10 times more outpatient mental health visits (1.35/year vs 0.14/year), 4 times more pharmacy fills (11.25/year vs 3.30/year), and 2 times more primary care visits (3.84/year vs 2.36/year) than children without ADHD. The incremental costs were estimated to be $375 for children with ADHD

Review Journal Article Tips

Review Journal Article Tips Moreover, the elements of the proposal include the range of your research and research objectives. There are a few ways that articles are written. The write-up states the function of referencing in University assignments. Contains references to materials concerning all elements of agriculture. Supportive features of management have been the significant element in improving mortality in GBS with the arrival of very good ITU care and contemporary procedures of ventilation. Science literatures have developed from time to time with regard to specialization and target audience. Additional study into librarian-teacher collaboration might be a step in the correct direction. Many scientific researchers look at a region where a prior researcher generated some intriguing outcomes but they're never followed up. A reader ought to be able to preview the conclusion and understand the intention of the paper, and the outcome of the research. You do not just comment about a specific article without fully comprehending its content. You as a reviewer are a part of the practice. A different reviewer for a different journal may be more supportive of what you've done. What Everybody Dislikes About Review Journal Article and Why The journal article review isn't complete without a concise review of the featured study. It also gives the freedom to the author to express their views and ideas. Writing a journal may also enable you to absorb specifics of the event you will forget after time goes by. Example of journal article review is devoted to assess the principal strengths and weaknesses of a particular article. While reading the report, make sure you jot down notes about issues found in the analysis. When you have written your conclusion then you ought to check your complete essay for spelling and grammar mistakes, and that you've followed the mandatory style and referencing guidelines throughout. An article review, sometimes referred to as an article critique is a unique type of academic writing that focuses on the correct reading of a specific article and thereafter providing an individual evaluation of its content. With article it will become difficult to get that freedom of writing. For instance, a quick story might be contained in an anthology. The total reference for the write-up is put in proper format following your title. Then return to the opening paragraphs of the short article. Take a look at the organization of the short article. The rankings offer clarity on the nutrient quality of the various foods and might assist in the assortment of more nutrient-dense items within the powerhouse group. Nonsystematic reviews can offer valuable info. Many articles in our sample weren't designed to be systematic reviews. Academic publications which specialize in review articles are called review journals. Free article database may also be termed as the article directory for the reason that it contains articles on a lot of associated topics. If you can't limit your first search to peer-reviewed journals, you'll need to check to see whether the source of a report is a peer-reviewed journal. How to compose an annotated bibliography. Discover how to easily compose a bibliography by abiding by the format outlined within this short article. Doing a great journal review is a small black box. If you want to ski, bike, kayak, visit a casino show or participate in different activities, mention that as well. Another handy trick is to vary between styles.

MTVs Catfish The TV Show Essay - 1212 Words

In the new generation people are more into using social media has a way to interact with others more than ever. Twitter, Instagram, Facebook , and Myspace has become the new norm into networking, making friends, finding possibly a match and making a love connection. These social medias allow people to create profiles in which they can alter their information. This results in many incident where people are not who they said they are. For that reason people become catfish. The MTV show Catfish bring viewers into the world of online- dating and the result it may have. Being catfish can bring a wide variety of attention that can be discuss has to whether or not it can be considered a crime Two theories that that can explain the rise of†¦show more content†¦Merton established other forms that an individual might respond such as conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion these explained an individual goal and the access to the means. This can either present a negative or positive outcome. For Merton these responses to deviance show how society strains people hence the name of the strain theory. The strain theory can lead to the triggers of feeling s that can become rage and defeat by society which can lead to a result in crime. The prodigious of society can caused an individual to engage in deviant behavior. These deviant behaviors are not society real and norms. This can explain why people engage in cat fishing. The second theory that can explain why people engage in catfish, was developed by Howard Becker, is the labeling theory. This theory discuss the label society gives an individual. However, the individual becomes deviant when a label is given to that individual from a person who has authority. The labeling theory is considered not to be inherent. This means that it is not something that is permanent or a characteristic embedding in an individual. It is spark by the negative labels brought onto the ones seen as deviant in society. What categorize an individual would be how one may view themselves and their behavioral aspect that may provide the influence in which causes them to become a deviant. The individuals know the judgments others pass of them because

Cosmetic Surgery Free Essays

Cosmetic Surgery Have you ever thought about how much cosmetic surgery has progressed and all the different types of surgeries? Cosmetic surgery is the practice of reshaping body tissues. It is also known as plastic surgery. Plastic is derived from the Greek word Plastikos meaning â€Å"to mold. We will write a custom essay sample on Cosmetic Surgery or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Plastic surgery dates all the way back 3000 years ago, to the Ancient Egyptians, Indians, and Greeks. We may not recognize that people back then used a form of plastic surgery, but they did. Centuries ago tribes used plastics surgery methods by disking their lips, stretching their earlobes, binding their feet, filing their teeth, and tattooing and scaring their skin. (Random History) Those were plastic surgery procedures back than. Now there is liposuction, nose jobs, eyelid surgery, tummy tucks, breast augmentation and reductions, Botox, microdermabrasion, collagen injections, laser hair removal, and chemical pads. Plastic surgery has advanced over several thousands of years and will continue. The history of plastic surgery goes back to ancient Egypt (1279-1212 BC). The Egyptians did not practice surgeries on the living, but they did practice on the dead. The surgeries they did are not what we think of when we hear the word cosmetic surgery, but the way they prepared the dead were part of the principles of cosmetic surgery today. Egyptians called it mummification. Pharaohs were mummified using special techniques that would enhance the features that were prominent to them. One step with mummification was to take the deceased to the â€Å"per nefer,† otherwise known as the House of Beauty, and add â€Å"cosmetics† to give the body a life-like appearance. The Egyptians used materials that we do not think of using. For example, Ramesses II had a small piece of bone and several seeds placed in his nose to hold the shape. His nose was surgically altered to make sure it looked be recognizable in the afterlife. Another example is the mummy of Queen Nunjmet. She had bandages stuck in her cheek and belly. (Random History) This represents how surgeons now will implant silicone into the body of a person. It is the same idea. Even though there are only records of Egyptians practicing on the dead, they had the skills and techniques to perform surgeries on the living as well. Jen) Ancient India (approximately 300 BC) is the birthplace of plastic surgery. Ancient India is the time that there were records of reconstructive surgery performed on the living. Punishment for a crime may have been cutting off ones nose if guilty. (Jen) This form of punishment led to the birth of rhinoplasty. Rhinoplasty is commonly known as a nose-job. During this era th e method Rhinoplasty was also described as the â€Å"attached flap,† or what we know today as the skin graft. A skin graft is where the epidermis is removed from one part of the body and used on another. Surgeons reconstructed the nose by cutting skin from either the cheek or forehead. Than that piece of skin, skin side out, was twisted over a leaf of the right size. After that the skin was sewed into place, and in order to keep the nostrils open during the healing process two polished wooden tubes were put in them. (Random History) During this time there was no anesthesia so the pain of this procedure was brutal and the risk of infections was high. Not only were there a large number of nose jobs in India, but the surgeons also worked on ears. The Indians were fashionable people and as a result of this both adults and children wore earrings. These earrings were constructed out of heavy materials that caused the earlobe to often spilt open. To repair the earlobe the doctors used a skin graft from the cheek. Surgery of the ear is known as Otoplasty. Not only did surgeons develop procedures for the nose and ears, they also did for lips too. The main reason why so many people had their nose, ears, and lips cut was because that is how people were punished for criminal, religious, and military crimes. Ancient India is where plastic surgery official became introduced. There are hundreds of surgeries performed on people daily. Surgeries are performed on every part of the body, from head to toe. There are well over 100 different surgeries done. Over 50 of those surgeries are done on the face. A few of the popular face surgeries are botox, rhytidectomy, and lip augmentation. A few of other surgeries done on the rest of the body are liposuction, breast surgery, and abdominoplasty. How Many Types) Botox is a nonsurgical cosmetic procedure that was introduced in the late 1980’s and it is one of the top five procedures. This procedure is used to help decrease glabellar lines. Glabellar lines are vertical lines on the face between the eye brows and when someone frowns. Botox is a shot the essentially paralyzes the muscles that produce lines. This procedure can last anywhere between a few minutes to 30 minutes. Numbing cream or anesthesia is usually used with botox, but the needles a re so small that there is hardly any pain at all. Botox can ause headaches, nausea, flu-like symptoms, and redness around injection site. Botox has become very popular within the last 10 years. Rhytidectomy is known as a face lift. (Village pointe) Face lift is a surgical procedure that helps improve appearance of the face. Face lift is a common procedure. There are positive and negative side effects of getting a face lift. The positives are that a face lift can correct sagging skin, tighten facial muscles, and improve your facial contour. The negative side effects are that it can cause nerve damage, visible scarring, swelling, bruising, and pain. There are many different types of face lifts that can be done, such as mini face lift, lower face lift, mid face lift, etc. It just depends on the person getting the surgery what area they want to have improved. Lip augmentation is to give fuller lips. Hylauronic acid is what is usually injected into the lip. This acid is a natural substance found in the body and it improves the lips volume, structure, and shape. The effects of a lip augmentation last around six months, so in order to keep the volume wanted; treatments are needed about every six months. Fat injections used to be used on the lips to make them fuller, but the results vary and the side effects are at a greater risk so that method is not used as much. (Lip augmentation) Liposuction is a simple surgical procedure that removes excess fat between the skin and muscle. A small stainless steel tube is attached to a suction pump, than the tube is inserted into fat through small incisions made on the skin. There are many different techniques that are used to perform liposuction. A common technique of liposuction is laser liposuction. Laser and Ultrasound) Laser liposuction is used to target specific body parts and it is designed to only target fat cells, so it protects the muscle and nerve tissues. Laser liposuction causes less pain, faster healing, and a smaller amount of bruising after. (Village pointe) There are three different types of breast surgery that are common. They are breast augmentations, reduction mammoplasty, and mastopexy. Breast augmentation is better known as breast implant. (What is Breast Augmentation? Reduction mammoplasty also known as breast reduction is where skin and glandular tissue is removed to reduce the breast size. Mastopexy is a breast lift. It is where the breasts are lifted or reshaped to make them less saggy. (Village Pointe) Cosmetic surgery has become more advanced within the last couple thousand years. The world of cosmetic surgery grew from the narrow field of rhinoplasty to over a 150 different types of surgeries. As we become more advanced in the cosmetic field, new technology makes the procedures faster and the risk factors involved are not as high. How to cite Cosmetic Surgery, Papers Cosmetic Surgery Free Essays The way a woman handles herself is important, according to most Americans. Furthermore, the way a woman looks on the outside surpasses all other qualities. Most women do not realize this, but this is the way in which they place their importance. We will write a custom essay sample on Cosmetic Surgery or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a world filled with superficiality, it is not astonishing to think that most women are un-satisfied with their outward appearance. Unhappiness with one’s outward appearance has lead to cosmetic surgery being the only solution. Cosmetic surgery has lead to more than one problem for our country and for the lives of people involved. Modifying one’s body from cosmetic surgery is not only harmful physically; it is also highly expensive, a â€Å"quick† fix for one’s deeper rooted issues, and may become highly addictive. The expansion on plastic surgery during World War One shined light upon different techniques and medical advances within this field. Originally, plastic surgery was only by means of reconstruction due to the horrific injuries of war. Doctors were required to facilitate soldiers back to health, and with the new advances of surgery they were able to give soldiers back their life in a new way. Facial reconstruction began as a new practice for plastic surgeons. Particularly this is because of the modern day weapons causing soldiers to have more bodily injuries. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons stated, â€Å"Never before had physicians been required to treat so many and such extensive facial and head injuries. Shattered jaws, blown-off noses, and lips gaping skull wounds caused by modern weapons inquired innovative restorative procedures. † (â€Å"American Society of Plastic Surgeons†)The war was completely divesting, but the surgical procedures gave hope to the soldiers. These new advancements held a purpose, but with the knowledge of surgical procedures people began to take advantage and used it for non-practical ways. With the rising awareness of plastic surgery, people became astonished with the fact that one can change his/her looks with no effort at all. What was thought of as a procedure that benefited someone took a completely different turn in the 1980’s. During this time persons had a heightened awareness of plastic surgery, and desired to find more information about this technique. Information was able to reach home with the help of â€Å"brochures†. (â€Å"American Society of Plastic Surgeons†) However, it was not until the 1990’s that the media and internet became involved. With the ability of having an at home computer, surgeons were able to provide a surgical conference for their potential clients. This advancement gave more light to cosmetic surgeries such as rhinoplasty. As a consequence of this heightened awareness, people began to â€Å"fix† every flaw by means of surgery. However, this type of surgery is different due to the fact that it is not a reconstruction of the abnormity it is purely cosmetic. The growing obsession with cosmetic surgery led to unrealistic views of what beauty should be. The view of beauty has changed significantly over the past hundred years. Beauty use to be the way a lady holds herself with her morals and her attitude which reflected outwardly. In the twenty-first century, beauty is viewed only as the means of perfection. Women have significantly lost self-esteem over the past years because of the constant pressure to always look a certain way. In particular, teenagers and young woman are affected most by the way one is viewed by other people because they place such a high importance on impressing and their appearance. These women and teenagers see one self as being un-fit for normal interactions with people. This is a contributing factor to the millions of dollars that is spent by people to change their imperfections. According to Alex Kuczynski, in America the cosmetic industry makes up to $15 billion. â€Å"Kuczynski† 4) With average pricing of laser treatments being $6,000 and liposuction being $11,000 it is very easy to see why the economy is in such turmoil today. The media has influenced most of the billions of dollars that are placed into cosmetic surgery. Commercials, billboards, brochures, testimonies, and telemarketers are the a few of the ways in which the media drags a person into believing that one is not suited enough for their own well-being. As a culture, we have feed into these uncomforting lies about our looks which have made us more prone to see our flaws. In 2003, more than half of Americans- 51 percent- said that they were not quite comfortable to not at all comfortable with their appearance, according to Roper study. † (â€Å"Kuczynski† 5) Perhaps, if the media was not involved so heavily in pursing surgery, people would not be willing to spend thousands of dollars on one procedure. Lastly, cosmetic surgery may become highly addictive. It has been said that once one starts pursuing surgery, it is hard to quit. The reasoning behind may be because of a disorder called body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). This disorder perceives one’s self completely different than it actually is, and persons that are affected by this disorder become fixated with a slight â€Å"imperfection† that leads to obsessive behavior. â€Å"The obsessions can consume a person’s thoughts, harming every aspect of their life. † (â€Å"James† Web) This obsession is also seen more frequently in adolescents. This obsession takes complete control over their life. The person no longer feels useful to the world, and feels that the only way to survive is through cosmetic surgery. It is tragic to see one’s life be affected so deeply by their appearance, but it is seen by almost everyone in America. In order to make one feel less conscious about their appearance, we as a society need to shift our priorities in a colossal way. Not only should a teenager or young woman feel less appreciated because of their looks, but no one should feel this way. As a society we need to practice the use of inner beauty instead of outer beauty. It is our duty to make America feel united and not separate by our appearance. Therefore, our society would benefit economically, socially, and morally by changing our views on appearance. How to cite Cosmetic Surgery, Papers

Leadership Strategies of Changing World Efficient Works Management

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Strategies of Changing World for Efficient Works Management. Answer: Leadership has been referred to as one of the functions of management which helps to increase the efficiency in the workplace in the most effective efficient manner. Leadership is referred to as the way to influence someones behavior leaders are required to develop vision mission which would help the organization to attain their long term goal i.e. to earn more and more profits. According to Keith Davis, leadership is the ability to persuade ones thinking process and define the objectives in an enthusiastic manner. Leadership is also referred to as a human factor which binds together the group to work towards the achievement of the organizational goal (Harris, 2000). In the modern workplace, it is an important need to motivate, inspire encourage the members to accomplish the expected mission and make out the various ways to navigate in the modern business world. There are various challenges in the workplace which signifies that leadership is an important issue which plays a vital in the smooth functioning of the same. The importance of leadership can be seen in the workplace on the following basis. Firstly, leadership helps to initiate action i.e. leader is the one who starts with the communication process in the organization and take things forward (Tracy, 2014). Leaders are referred to as the personnel who bind the sub-ordinates together to work as a team and maximize the profits of the organization in the long run. Secondly, a successful leader plays an active role in the smooth functioning of the organization. He motivates the employees on monetary non-monetary basis and hence gets the work done from its subordinates in the best possible ma nner. A leader not only plays a role of supervisor but also plays a guiding role to his subordinates. Guidance within the organization means to instruct the employees as to how to handle a particular task how to complete it in the most effective and efficient manner. Another aspect which displays the importance of leadership in the workplace is building confidence (Tracy, 2014). Confidence has been referred to as an important factor which shall be achieved by explaining the role achieves the goals in an effective manner. Leadership helps the employees working in the organization to be well co-ordinated. This means that, co-ordination can be achieved by reconciling the personal interests with the goal of the organization. Synchronization amongst the employees will help the organization to achieve proper effective results. Building a cordial environment helps the organization to have a sound stable growth. A successful leader provides the same by maintaining good human relations w ith the employees. The leader shall have personal contacts with the employees and he/ she shall listen to their problems and come to a solution as well. The leader shall be required to treat the employees in the bets of the manner. Boosting morale of the employees working in the organization has been referred to as an essential aspect of leadership. A leader has been referred to as a morale booster by achieving co-operation so that they perform in the best of their abilities. The last aspect which denotes that, leadership is an important issue is by creating confidence amongst the workers. Confidence has been referred to as one of vital aspects which can be achieved by expressing work efforts to its subordinates. It shall be seen that, being a leader is a challenge in itself. The challenges faced by any leader in the organization can be categorized under three heads i.e. internal challenges, external challenges according to nature of leadership role. There are mainly six challenges which are faced by the leaders in any organization. They have been discussed in this section of the essay. The first challenge of leadership is development of managerial effectiveness. This is in regards to the development of the various relevant skills such as decision making process, strategic thinking time management to speed up the job and act more efficient. The second challenge of leadership is to inspire others. The challenge is to motivate others and complete the task in the smartest way possible (Tracy, 2014). For example, a challenged faced by the Singaporean manager i.e. to motivate a group of 10 odd people who have been working the organization for more than 12 years. Some of the employees have been o n the same position without any promotion for more than 8 years now. Third challenge faced is to develop employees. This includes mentoring coaching of the employees to perform their best at the workplace. Leading a team has been referred to as one other challenge in team building, team management team development. Some specific challenge is to how to lead a big team and what to do when managing a big team. Guiding change has been referred to as the next challenge of leadership i.e. to manage, mobilize lead the change in the best possible manner. Guiding change refers to mitigate the consequences overcome resistance to change deal with employees reaction to the same. Managing internal stakeholders politics refers to a major challenge for a leader to perform in an apt manner. This refers to the ability to convince influence the stakeholders to follow regional and directions globally. The above mentioned challenges are the most common experiences which are being faced by senior middle managers globally. Some of the ways in which the leaders would be able to cope with the challenges mentioned above have been discussed as under. A successful leader to cope with the challenge shall have a proactive creative approach. This means that, leaders shall come up with the right type of strategy and exercise the control of the same. A leader shall have an out of the box thinking which would help them to have an edge over the challenges. The leaders shall be able to face the conflicts squarely i.e. they shall be able to identify the loopholes acknowledge the conflict in the best possible manner. The leader shall be able to look for opportunities in order to collaborate. It has been seen that, in any organization a group of people are made responsible for the decision making process (Himmerich, 2007). For any leader to perform in the best possible manner is required to use certain theories/ model to inform their leadership in the modern organization. The leadership function of management is bound with various models theories. There are some important leadership theories models which are in place and implemented by the same to overcome the various challenges. The first leadership model or theory used is Blake Moutons managerial grid also known as the leadership grid. The grid takes into consideration the two dimensions i.e. concern for people concern for production. Based upon the leadership grid the following five leadership styles come into place i.e. task management (this type of leadership style refers to the dictator style. In this the leaders are more concerned about production are less concerned about the people), country club (this type of leadership style, is low on task and high on peoples orientation), middle of the road (in this leadership style a balance is mainta ined between the goals of the company needs of the people), impoverished management (leaders with this leadership style are low on both the dimensions. This means that, they are unable to get the work done from their subordinates) team management (this leadership style is based on theory Y of McGregors theory and referred to as the most effective style according to Blake Mouton theory). The second type of leadership theory/ model which is used by the leaders is the transformational leadership theory. This type of leadership style is found at all levels of the organization i.e. various teams, departments as well as divisions in the organization. It has been seen that, the transformational leaders have a charismatic appeal. Such type of leaders is visionary, daring, inspiring risk takers. The transformational leaders are required to possess the following four factors i.e. intellectual inspiration, idealized influence, inspiration motivation individualized consideration. An exampl e of transformational leader is Barack Obama. Transactional leadership theory refers to a theory mainly for managers; this type of leadership theory is based upon a simple management concept i.e. planning, controlling, organizing short term planning (Himmerich, 2007). The famous example for the same is de Gaulle McCarthy. This type of leader mainly works upon rewards, recognition punishment. The main trait of this type of a leader is to obey the instructions of the leader. This type of leadership style can also be referred to as telling style. The transactional leaders tend to be quite effective guide the efficiency decisions which are aimed at reducing the costs increasing the profitability. Fiedlers contingency model has been referred to as the theory based upon effectiveness maintains relationship between leadership organizational performance. In order to assess the attitudes of the leader, a least preferred co-workers (LPC) scale has been made. This takes into consideration various 16 items used to reflect the positio n of the leader (Rausch, Halfhill, Sherman Washbush, 2001). The items listed in the scale are friendly/ un-friendly/ pleasant/ un-pleasant/ accepting/ rejecting, open/ guarded, distant/ close, boring/ interesting, cooperative/ non-cooperative, supportive/ hostile, harmonious/ quarrelsome, efficient/ inefficient/ cheerful/ gloomy, open/ guarded, cold/ warm, helpful/ frustrating, etc. It has been seen that leaders who score high on the LPC scale are relationship orientated and the ones with low scores are task orientated. The likert management system refers to the next leadership theory which his followed by many leaders all over globe. There are basically four leadership styles or traits mentioned by Likert. They are participative (this has been referred to as one of the best ways to achieve organizational goals. Such type of leadership style provides high levels of communication, teamwork participation), exploitative authoritative (in this type of leadership style, there is very l ess communication and motivation amongst the subordinates. The responsibility is possessed by the top officials), benevolent authoritative (this type of leadership style is mainly possessed at the managerial levels) consultative (in this type of leadership, motivation is based upon rewards involvement of the job). The nature of the above mentioned four management theory is based upon organizational characteristics (Osborne, 2008). Leadership becomes a challenging job if the leaders are unable to understand the thinking process of the employees. It is a fact that, you cannot make an employee work either by punishing him/her or by scolding him it is the inner will of any individual which would help them to grow in the long run. In the modern workplace, it is an important need to motivate, inspire encourage the members to accomplish the expected mission and make out the various ways to navigate in the modern business world. There are various challenges in the workplace which signifies that leadership is an important issue which plays a vital in the smooth functioning of the same (Jepson, 2009). Some of the ways to overcome the challenges faced by the leaders have been mentioned in this section of the essay. A leader shall be able to inspire its subordinates. The best way to overcome the challenge is to understand the psychology of the employees. It is an essential to read the psychology of the same as they are t he ones upon which the success of the organization is dependent. Open communication shall be held within the team members. This means that, the leader shall be well acquainted with what his team members is up to but this does not mean that one shall interfere in the decision making process. The best way to win the trust of people is to sit and talk face to face rather than taking behind the back. The leader shall be able to extract the best out of its team members (Goldsmith, Baldoni McArthur, 2010). The leader shall set example in front of its subordinates. The leader shall assure the employees that, he is available is with them at the need of time. Certain ice breaking activities such as going out for lunch, team outings, team building exercises shall be performed to strengthen the bond between employees superiors. Top performers of the organization shall be appreciated time to time the low performers shall be dealt with extreme patience. The leaders shall sit with them and ta lk about their problematic areas. This will help them to perform better come out as a winner (Tips to Overcome Challenges in Leadership, 2016). Some of the ways in which the leaders would be able to cope with the challenges mentioned above have been discussed as under. A successful leader to cope with the challenge shall have a proactive creative approach. This means that, leaders shall come up with the right type of strategy and exercise the control of the same. A leader shall have an out of the box thinking which would help them to have an edge over the challenges. The leaders shall be able to face the conflicts squarely i.e. they shall be able to identify the loopholes acknowledge the conflict in the best possible manner. The leader shall be able to look for opportunities in order to collaborate. It has been seen that, in any organization a group of people are made responsible for the decision making process (Himmerich, 2007). In todays modern workplace, the leaders shall be advised to follow a simple rule i.e. the organization is as strongest as the weakest link. Therefore, the elements of the supply chain shall be made equally strong. It shall be taken into consideration that, leaders shall not only focus on certain divisions or areas but take due notice of the organization as a whole (Eckert, Swastiki, Zhao, 2016). It has been seen that, unnecessary pressure of the market forces makes the organization to break from that point where the organization is the weakest. It shall be taken into consideration that, leadership is vital elements which make the organization either a success or a failure. In order to be a successful leader, the various effective leadership skills shall be focused upon. The first aspect to be a successful leader is to ask questions from the employees to know how they feel contribute towards the betterment of the organization. Effective leaders shall be able to manage their time ver y well (Bridle, 2006). They shall be able to priorities their activities or list of work to be accomplished. A work life balance shall be maintained i.e. the effective leaders are able to make a link between their personal professional front. Generation of ideas and various brainstorming sessions shall be practiced within the workplace. Healthy discussions shall be held between the leader and subordinate, as it will help them to come out with various creative solutions for the challenges faced within the workplace. References Bridle, P. (2006). The changing face of leadership.Nursing Management,13(5), 12-13. Gentry, W., Eckert, R., Swastiki, S., Zhao, S. (2016). The Challenges Leaders Face Around the World More Similar than Different.Center Of Creative Leadership. Goldsmith, M., Baldoni, J., McArthur, S. (2010).The AMA handbook of leadership. New York: American Management Association. Harris, M. (2000). The Changing Challenges of Management and Leadership in the UK Voluntary Sector.Nonprofit Management Leadership,10(3), 319-324. Himmerich, D. (2007). In Focus/innovation-The importance of considering personality type.Leadership In Action,26(6), 17-19. Jepson, D. (2009). Leadership context: the importance of departments.Leadership Organization Development Journal,30(1), 36-52. Osborne, C. (2008).Leadership. London: DK Pub. Rausch, E., Halfhill, S., Sherman, H., Washbush, J. (2001). Practical leadershipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  management education for effective strategies in a rapidly changing world.Journal Of Mgmt Development,20(3), 245-258. Tips to Overcome Challenges in Leadership. (2016).Managementstudyguide.com. Retrieved 10 September 2016, from https://www.managementstudyguide.com/tips-to-overcome-challenges-in-leadership.htm Tracy, B. (2014).Leadership. New York: American Management Association.