The NSA program

The Controversy Surrounding NSA Program Terrorism is a rising concern that is not only bothering first world countries but also third world countries as well. Terrorist activities have spread so much in the last two decades that they now threaten countries that were previously considered immune, such countries as Kenya, Nigeria, and Tanzania.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The NSA program specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The government of the United States has taken this concern and in the effort to contain terrorism formed the National Security Agency (NSA) in 1952. The program targeted calling behavior of Americans both within and without USA who â€Å"had suspected links to terrorist activities† (Fisher 199). Its would not have bee successful had it incorporated the help of American Telephone companies such as ATT while those who refused cooperation collapsed (Levy et al 5; Fisher 198). (NSA c ould not operate legally without the necessary legal requirements thus the enactment of Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, FISA in 1978 (Fisher 185). The purpose of this paper is to explore how the controversy surrounding the NSA program since its enactment especially during the reign of President George bush Yale University School of Law Symposium explains that FISA initial intension was to ensure that all intelligence wiretaps were done for â€Å"a probable reason† (404). FISA statute required the establishment of FISA courts to grant permission for such wiretap. However, the New York Times revealed a gross violation of this statute by the Bush administration, which eavesdropped on thousands of telephone conversations secretly, and without permission from FISA courts (Lichtblau para 1; Yale University School of Law Symposium 404). Supporters of this move argue that FISA statutes were meant for times of peace thus did not cater for the current security threats. This beli ef lead to The President lifting some of the â€Å"legal restrictions† in the act that did not allowed warrant less electronic surveillance (Risen and Eric para 14).Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Proponents continue to argue that this program not only needed implementation in full but also total privacy. Exposing classified information such as documents detailing war on terror to the public is equal to â€Å"advertising American war on terror† (Yale University School of Law Symposium 405). Furthermore collecting information on ones war enemies is an age-old practice and therefore not abnormal in the war against terrorism. This makes the â€Å"Terrorist Surveillance Program† intended to collect terrorist information thousands of citizen inside and outside USA without FISA courts approval necessary as it was also in line with the US constitution (406). F ISA statute had several loopholes especially regarding executive authority. It did not address the question of the extent of presidential powers in exercising official authority. It also does not answer the question whether the president has discretionary powers when national security is at stake and lastly legal experts question its constitutionality if in its provision too restrict executive power, limits the power of the president to act in protecting and securing Americans in dire times (Centre for Law and Security 3). However, several people have opposed this program vehemently. Opponents state that it amounted to abuse of the law by the Bush administration. They claim that unwarranted wire taps are illegal for whatever reason and that bypassing the FISA policies is unconstitutional in two ways: it amounts to making the FISA statute optional, and it is also a grave abuse of executive authority by the president (Savage and Risen para 11). Several US judges have also ruled unwarr anted eavesdropping illegal as it intrudes into peoples private phone calls without any good reason. The knowledge that phone calls could be tapped unwarrantedly makes Americans paranoid and afraid of free phone speech, which curtails freedom of speech (Holding para 4, 5). The initial intention of this program was to gain information that would help in the war against terrorism. However, the changing nature of the terrorism coupled with creative manipulation of the law has lead to what many calls abuse of the executive authority. In the meantime, controversy ranges on about the legality and necessity of the program.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The NSA program specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Center for Law and Security. â€Å"The NSA Wiretapping Program.† For The Record. 2007. Web. Fisher, Louis. â€Å"National Security Surveillance: Unchecked or Limited Presidential Power,† in Carter, Contemporary Cases in U.S. Foreign Policy, 2011. Print. Holding, Reynolds â€Å"Why the Wiretapping Ruling Is Vulnerable† Time. 2006. Web. Levy, David, Leong, Joy, Bus, Lawrence Plunkett, Michael. â€Å"Benefits- Cost Regulation of Negotiated Service Agreements.† n.d. Web. Lichtblau, Eric. â€Å"Senate Approves Bill to Broaden Wiretap Powers.† New York  Times. July 10, 2008. Web. Risen, James and Lichtblau, Eric. â€Å"Bush Secretly Lifted Some Limits on Spying in U.S. After 9/11, Officials Say.† New York Times. December 15, 2005. Web. Savage, Charlie and Risen, James. â€Å"Federal Judge Finds N.S.A. Wiretaps Were Illegal.† New York Times. March 31, 2010.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yale University School of Law Symposium, â€Å"Warrant less Wiretaps,† in A Loch Johnson and James Wirtz, ed., Intelligence and National Security New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print. This research paper on The NSA program was written and submitted by user Danica Rosario to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

As Basic as Computers Get essays

As Basic as Computers Get essays In todays world designing your own computer today can be more beneficial then purchasing a name brand computer package on the market. In the computing world technology is constantly changing, and out the right system for Individual can be a tough decision. I have chosen components that will make buying or building computer an easier process to understand. A small explanation of what various computer components will help you By building a computer an individual can personalize thier system to custom fit their own lifestyle. Computers designed for a business differ greatly from a personal gaming multimedia system. (The system I will be focusing on is a monster multimedia machine.) An individual can use this as a basis for creating a custom rig. One will need to choose what type of computer casing you would like to use. ATX cases are the basic cases on the market today. AT cases are restricting the expansion, and usually are sold as surplus. ATX cases allow more efficient cooling and expansion capabilities. Cases hold everything that operates your computer from the inside out. The frame of a car is worthless, as is the case of a computer without its components. Towers are a type of case that come in several sizes, again to fit your needs. The next step is choosing which motherboard can be a difficult task. Magatrends, Asus, and Intel are big name manufacturers of motherboards. One can purchase a motherboard that has all components already constructed. Integrated boards that run sound and video cards from the main board can cause problems when expanding. Many are available, Asus produces a well balenced duel processing board that was just recently released. The motherboard hold all components that help your system operate effectively (i.e. Video card, processor, memory, bios, sound). The Central Processing Unit calculates the amount of information sent ...

4 Tips for Duke Essays That Will Get You Accepted

4 Tips for Duke Essays That Will Get You Accepted SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you want to be a Blue Devil? If so, you’ll need to submit strong Duke essays as part of your application. Duke requires its applicants to answer two to four essay and short answer questions when they apply. In this article, we’ll break down each of those questions and explain exactly what you need to do to write amazing Duke supplement essay. What Is the Duke Supplement Essay? Duke requires that you submit two to four writing samples as part of your application. You’re required to answer one longer essay prompt and one short answer question. You also have the option of answering up to two more short answer questions. Duke requires the Duke supplement essay questions as part of its application process for a couple of reasons. First of all, written essays are a great way to assess your preparedness for college. Duke wants to see that you can write clearly and concisely and can follow all of the necessary grammar conventions. Duke also wants to get to know you more as a student and possible member of its campus. Essays are a great way to learn more about who you really are beyond your test scores and other credentials. Finally, your Duke essays are a great place to demonstrate your affinity for Duke itself. Why do you want to go there? Your essays can highlight your passion for the university. It’s extremely important to put time and effort into each one of the Duke supplement essay prompts so that you’re able to meet all of these needs. Duke Supplement Essay Prompts You’ll have to answer at least two and as many as four Duke supplement essay prompts for your Duke application. All students are required to write one longer essay. The essay you write will be determined by whether you’re submitting the Common Application or the Coalition Application (Duke accepts both). You’re also required to answer at least one short answer question. There are two more short answer questions that are optional for all applicants. If you apply to Duke via the Coalition Application, you’ll select one essay prompts to answer. For more information on how to ace your Coalition Application essay and an analysis of each prompt, check out our in-depth guide. If you apply to Duke via the Common Application, you’ll need to select one essay. For more information on how to craft an amazing Common Application essay and in-depth look at each prompt, check out our blog post dedicated to that very topic. 2018-19 Required Duke Essays All Duke students are required to answer one short answer question for their Duke admissions essay. The short answer question you respond to is determined by which school within Duke you’re applying to. If you are applying to the Pratt School of Engineering as either a first-year or transfer applicant, please discuss why you want to study engineering and why you would like to study at Duke. (150 words maximum) If you are applying to the Trinity College of Arts Sciences as either a first-year or transfer applicant, please discuss why you consider Duke a good match for you. Is there something particular about Duke that attracts you? (150 words maximum) 2018-19 Optional Duke Essays You also have the option of responding to two optional Duke essays. Duke makes it clear that these Duke admissions essay prompts are completely optional. You won’t be penalized if you don’t answer them. Duke University seeks a talented, engaged student body that embodies the wide range of human experience; we believe that the diversity of our students makes our community stronger. If you'd like to share a perspective you bring or experiences you've had to help us understand you better- perhaps related to a community you belong to or your family or cultural background- we encourage you to do so. Real people are reading your application, and we want to do our best to understand and appreciate the real people applying to Duke. (250 words maximum) Duke’s commitment to diversity and inclusion includes gender identity and sexual orientation. If you would like to share with us more about either, and have not done so elsewhere in the application, we invite you to do so here. (250 words maximum) Required Duke Essays, Analyzed If you are applying to the Pratt School of Engineering as either a first-year or transfer applicant, please discuss why you want to study engineering and why you would like to study at Duke. (150 words maximum) 150 words isn’t a lot of words to describe your love for Duke and your passion for engineering! You’ll need to be clear, succinct, and honest in order for your Duke admissions essay to stand out. Because the word limit is so constrained, it’s better to focus on one or two specific ideas, rather than trying to cram as many thoughts as possible into your short essay. While you may be enamored of Duke’s entire engineering faculty, choose one specific professor whose work you admire and expand on that. Any depth you can achieve in this small space will go a long way. Be sure to answer both parts of this question: you need to explain why you want to study engineering and why you want to study engineering at Duke. While the two answers might be intertwined, both should be clearly present in your response. When discussing why you want to study at Duke, pick things that are unique to Duke’s program. Don’t just say you want a great engineering education - you can get that at dozens of universities. Instead, specify what makes Duke’s engineering program different than all of the others. If you’re stuck, try perusing their course catalogue and looking at the program’s website and any recent publications. Chances are, you’ll catch something that stands out. If you are applying to the Trinity College of Arts Sciences as either a first-year or transfer applicant, please discuss why you consider Duke a good match for you. Is there something particular about Duke that attracts you? (150 words maximum) This Duke admissions essay question is also constrained in word count and focuses more on Duke’s merits than the engineering question. You’re not required to have any particular major in mind here, but it may be helpful to consider your academic course of study as you’re looking for reasons why Duke stands out to you. Duke is asking this question because they want their admitted applicants to enroll, so you need to demonstrate why your passion for this university would result in your attendance next fall. Convince the admissions committee that Duke is the one school for you. You can do this by researching specific facts about the university and its community. Because this question doesn’t ask you about your course of study, you don’t need to limit yourself to academics. If there’s something about Duke’s campus or culture that really stands out to you, now is the time to talk about it. Better to be honest and true to yourself than spew a bunch of platitudes that you think the admissions committee wants to hear. Optional Duke Admission Essay Prompts, Analyzed Duke University seeks a talented, engaged student body that embodies the wide range of human experience; we believe that the diversity of our students makes our community stronger. If you'd like to share a perspective you bring or experiences you've had to help us understand you better- perhaps related to a community you belong to or your family or cultural background- we encourage you to do so. Real people are reading your application, and we want to do our best to understand and appreciate the real people applying to Duke. (250 words maximum) Treat this question as an opportunity to share more about yourself. If you have something real and important to write about, do so. But don’t try to invent an experience that doesn’t actually belong to you - it’ll come across as fake and insincere. Unless you really have nothing to say, I’d suggest including something. If you choose to answer this question, lean into authenticity. Don’t be scared to be vulnerable or honest. While the question talks about Duke’s commitment to diversity, don’t feel like you have to invent diverse experiences just to fit in. Share about your unique perspective. Be sure to indicate why this point-of-view belongs to you, and you alone. Your perspective is made up by your experiences and interactions, so you can highlight how these have affected you. Duke’s commitment to diversity and inclusion includes gender identity and sexual orientation. If you would like to share with us more about either, and have not done so elsewhere in the application, we invite you to do so here. Don’t answer this optional essay unless you have something real to say. Don’t feel intimidated or scared that ignoring this question will reflect badly on you. It won’t. You should really only address this prompt if you’re a member of the LGBTQ community. What will reflect badly on you is making something up that comes across as insincere, or worse, ignorant. Speak truthfully and from the heart. Similarly, if you do have reflections on gender identity and sexual orientation, don’t feel like you have to share them. Remember, this essay is optional. It’s completely fine if you’re not quite comfortable enough or ready to talk publicly about these topics. If you choose to answer this question, only speak about real experiences that happened to you. It’s better to keep them personal. This essay isn’t the place to reflect on the overall political climate surrounding LGBTQ+ rights, especially if those issues don’t relate to you. It is, however, the space to talk about your specific identity and journey. How to Write Great Duke Essays If you want your Duke essays to stand out and help you get admitted, follow these tips! #1: Use Your Own Voice The point of a college essay is for the admissions committee to have the chance to get to know you beyond your test scores, grades, and honors. Your admissions essays are your opportunity to make yourself come alive for the essay readers and to present yourself as a fully fleshed out person. You should, then, make sure that the person you’re presenting in your college essays is yourself. Don’t try to emulate what you think the committee wants to hear or try to act like someone you’re not. If you lie or exaggerate, your essay will come across as insincere, which will diminish its effectiveness. Stick to telling real stories about the person you really are, not who you think Duke wants you to be. #2: Avoid Cliched or Overused Phrases When writing your Duke essays, try to avoid using cliches or overused quotes or phrases. These include quotations that have been quoted to death and phrases or idioms that are overused in daily life. The college admissions committee has probably seen numerous essays that state, â€Å"Be the change you want to see in the world.† Strive for originality. Similarly, avoid using cliches, which take away from the strength and sincerity of your work. Don’t speak in platitudes about how the struggle for gay and lesbian rights has affected you†¦ unless it actually has! #3: Check Your Work It should almost go without saying, but you want to make sure your Duke essays are the strongest example of your work possible. Before you turn in your Duke application, make sure to edit and proofread your essays. Your work should be free of spelling and grammar errors. Make sure to run your essays through a spelling and grammar check before you submit. It’s a good idea to have someone else read your Duke essays, too. You can seek a second opinion on your work from a parent, teacher, or friend. Ask them whether your work represents you as a student and person. Have them check and make sure you haven’t missed any small writing errors. Having a second opinion will help your work be the best it possibly can be. That being said, make sure you don’t rely on them for ideas or rewrites. Your essays need to be your work. #4: Only Answer What You’re Comfortable With Remember, Duke’s optional essays are just that - optional. It can be tempting to respond to everything on the application and if you have an important story to tell, you definitely should. However, if you have nothing to say, don’t feel like you need to make something up. You’re better off answering less, honestly, then you are answering more, dishonestly. What’s Next? Have you taken the ACT or SAT yet? Not sure which one you’ll do best on? Read our guide to choose the test that’s right for you. If you've taken the SAT and want to improve your score, check out our guides to improving your Reading, Writing, and Math scores. Not sure what you want to major in?Don't worry! With our advice, you'll figure out what you should study as an undergrad. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

Literary works comment on society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Literary works comment on society - Essay Example These all show her vacillation between tradition and modernization, comfort and progress, and that Tess is unable to decide which is right for her. The new order seems to ignore emotion, but the idea of condemning the baby Sorrow to eternity in purgatory for the sake of her anti-Christian beliefs makes â€Å"her nightgown damp with perspiration† (Chapter XIV). Tess becomes the unsure frontrunner of the new, twentieth-century combination of Christian doubt and personal spirituality. Tess is personified as a â€Å"daughter of Nature† (Chapter XVIII), with religion as a function of civilization, and as such she cannot quite choose which authority to be persuaded by: tradition deems that she should follow Christian law closely, although certain allowances are made in her hometown. For example, near the start of the novel, Tess participates in Cerealia, a festival for the Goddess of the Harvest (Chapter II).

Apple Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Apple - Assignment Example ly, the iPods and the iTunes synchronized with Mac operating system only; however, Jobs thought that it would be in the best interest of the company’s market position to include Windows Operating Systems since it was becoming increasingly popular. This made the iPods and the iTunes the best bet for Apple’s success in the market. The company encompassed multimedia player with access to music downloads from major recording house. The uniqueness of the technology can be analyzed through the Value, Rarity, Inimitable and Organization (VRIO). From its inception, Apple has been making high value goods, hiring top performing executives and also serving high value markets. The iPod and the iTunes supplement apples quest for rare products that revolutionize technology. This is because the idea of two ideal multimedia tools would synchronize together to form a major technological breakthrough. Apples competitive advantage also lies in the inimitable nature of its products. The products, from computers, phones, iPods and software, are not easily copied since hey use Apples exclusive technology. This enables Apple to be the sole maker of the products. Apples initial strategy for the iPhone was disastrous. This was because the market had many other gadgets with higher capabilities that Apple’s iPhone, yet they were selling at relatively low prices. The price for and iPhone was much higher than other brands making sale to stall. Consequently, Apple preferred to make its own distributions with no carrier networks, usually used to subsidize costs. Apple ignored giant retailers ability to cover more market than its own distribution outlets. Another issue that made Apple to change its strategy on the iPhone was the internet access capabilities. At the time, Third Generation (3G) service was the widely used by mobile phone manufacturers. Apple iPhones supported only 2G networks which was relatively slow. A rework on the iPhones was inevitable. The need to catch up with

The importance of Pompeii today Essay Example for Free

The importance of Pompeii today Essay QNo1:1a: The volcanic eruption results in the loss of people’s life and home making their families helpless and homeless. Sometimes it destroys the village under the ash or lava. 1b: On the 24th August in the year AD 79, the people of Pompeii were going about their business in the usual way. Suddenly it grew dark a great was leaving the top of mountain. The people of Pompeii started to run out of the town, but more than 2000 of them didn’t get for. Stones and cinders began to fall on the town and the town was completely buried. 1c: The importance of Pompeii today is that the Italian government has very carefully cleared away the volcanic matter to uncover public buildings, private houses, shops and market places. We can see where people lived and how they live and can make a picture depicting of their culture. From the body of a Roman soldier which was found by the archaeologist we can, today, understand the people of that time and the things they possessed at that time. 1d: The people who have been living near volcanoes know the merits of the soil formed by the condensation of the matter erupted by the volcanoes, how fertile that is. 1e: Tristan da Cunha was a living island which had erupted many time and forced people to leave their places. The volcano was dormant. QNo3: (i) Erupting – suddenly coming out of something – volcano has started erupting. (ii) Cinders – a piece of material that is left after something such as wood or coal has burned – the ash is occupied from cinders. (iii) Extinct – a volcano that is unlikely to erupt – extinction is a fact of living. (iv) Dormant – something that is not active – the volcanoes after losing capability of Eruption become dormant. (v) Lava – a kind of rock which comes out of volcano in the form of a very hot liquid lava after cooling becomes solid rocks. QNo4: A Country I Would Like To Visit I have a craving to go to a foreign country. The very thought sends a wave of thrill in me. I feel that a visit to some foreign country will add to my knowledge of men and manners and I shall be able to know more of the world and its geography. There are a number of countries where people generally go. There is U.S.A., the richest country of the world. It is a land of skyscrapers, crime and affluence, to is said that out of every two families there one has got a car. There is the United Kingdom, whose inhabitants ruled over India for over a century and fleeced her of all her wealth. There is Russia—a super power, the leader, of the countries with Communist ideology. Japan, too, is a country which has fascination for some. Japan is once again making rapid strides towards industrialization after the mishap of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. During the Second World-war two American bombs had razed them to the ground and brought Japan to her knees. Germany, too, is advancing rapidly towards industrialization. Which country I would most like to visit? Well, I have no particular fascination for the United Kingdom. The reason is simple enough. I have heard so much about the country from my friends and relatives who have been there that I feel there would be nothing new for me to see. The visit to Russia is out of question. Undoubtedly, Russia is a great country. She has made great progress in science and technology. Yet its way of life is not congenial to my taste. It is a Communist country. There is no liberty of speech. Adverse criticism is not tolerated. The country I would most like to go is the U.S.A. Not that it is a rich country. The Americans are the best people in the world. There is no formality in their behaviour. If India is now able to tide over her problem  it is all due to American help. Food grains worth billions were imported from that country and the food problem is all but solved. It is also helping the country with the technical knowhow in some of the major industries. The Americans also speak the English language which I can speak and write with ease. I have therefore, decided to go to America as and when I get an opportunity to do so. QNo5 : (i) Friend: Hey, I told you about that problem. Me: Which one? Friend: About my dad’s broken car. Me: Yeah. So? Friend: What should I do now? Me: What can I say May be you should talk to your dad about it. Friend: Shall I lie to him? Me: No. Just don’t make this situation worst by lying to your dad about it. Friend: So? Me: Go and tell him the truth. Tell him what happened and how that happened. Tell him that it was neither yours nor the opposite driver’s fault but because of the slippery road. Friend: Will that be ok? Me: Yeah. I think so. Friend: Okay. Thanks brother for the advice. (ii) Mother: Vacations are not about sleeping late and watching TV all day. You can take up photographs, learn an instrument, learn judo Son/Daughter: I really worked hard for my exam. I do want to rest. Mom: Okay. I know but I will not allow you to watch TV all day and do nothing. Son/Daughter: But mom Mother: No. I don’t want to listen anything now. Son/Daughter: Ok fine. I’ll do something but not today, by tomorrow, I promise. Mother: Are you lying to me? Son/Daughter: How can I! Mother: Okay. But only today you can keep being lazy. Son/Daughter: Thank You! You are the sweetest mom in the world. Mother: Okay Okay Now stop buttering. QNo7: (i) the, a (ii) a, a, an, a, the, the, the, the QNo8: (i) to help (ii) playing (iii) to catch (iv) cooking (v) to work (vi) driving (vii) to go (viii) lending (ix) to buy (x) listening QNo9: 1 were. 2 had prepared. 3 arrived. 4 discovered. 5 had reserved. 6 had not had. 7 had given. 8 had also misunderstood. 9 required. 10 suspected.

Fixing the American Justice System Essay -- Criminal Justice Crime

Fixing American Justice In Lynn, a car pins a woman against a wall. The driver is charged with driving drunk for the third time. In Quincy, a pregnant mother is rushed to a hospital and her baby delivered by an emergency operation. Police say she was hit by a man already convicted of drunk driving four times. In Springfield a fifteen year old girl is crushed by a man who has been convicted of drunk driving almost a dozen times and has even served a prison term for it. She will never walk with her own legs again. This is only a small part of the small state of Massachusetts in our large country And sadly this is not just with drunk driving. Within less then 3 years, 5% of all convicted and released rapists will carry out another rape. Within the next 3 years 2% of all convicted murders will achieve another murder. The 272,111 offenders discharged in 1994 had accumulated 744,000 charges within 3 years of release. Criminals everywhere are stepping up as they find loopholes in our American justice system. Cali fornia has even instated a state wide repeat offender program. Why is the r...